Lately, I’ve been thinking about installing a small wind turbine on my plot because I don’t have access to electricity there. A wind turbine could help with lighting or charging small devices like my phone or flashlight. But the question is: which type should I choose – vertical or horizontal? Each has its pros and cons, and their efficiency varies depending on wind speed.
Horizontal Wind Turbines – Best for Open Spaces
Horizontal wind turbines (HAWT – Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines) are the most common type, with large, propeller-like blades. They are usually installed in open spaces like fields, where they can take advantage of strong, steady winds. These turbines are known for their high efficiency, performing well where wind is constant and strong.
Efficiency: Horizontal wind turbines have higher efficiency under good wind conditions. They can convert up to 40-50% of the wind’s kinetic energy into electricity, which is significantly higher than vertical turbines.
When to Choose: Horizontal turbines are best when the wind speed is above 5 m/s (18 km/h). If you have strong, consistent wind on your plot, a horizontal turbine will be more effective.
Pros and Cons of Horizontal Wind Turbines:
Pros:
- High efficiency in strong, steady winds (40-50% efficiency).
- Well-documented technology with plenty of technical support.
Cons:
- Require a lot of space for installation.
- Need to be aligned with the wind direction, which can require additional mechanisms.
Vertical Wind Turbines – Compact and Quiet
Vertical wind turbines (VAWT – Vertical Axis Wind Turbines) have a different design, with blades rotating around a vertical axis. This means they work regardless of wind direction, which is a big advantage for small plots where the wind changes frequently. They are also quieter and more compact than their horizontal counterparts.
Efficiency: Vertical turbines have slightly lower efficiency compared to horizontal ones, usually achieving around 30-40% efficiency. This means they convert less kinetic energy into electricity, but they can be more stable in places with fluctuating wind.
When to Choose: Vertical turbines work best in areas where wind speed ranges from 3 to 5 m/s (11-18 km/h). They are ideal for plots with variable or weaker winds, or where space is limited.
Pros and Cons of Vertical Wind Turbines:
Pros:
- Operate effectively in varying wind conditions, regardless of direction.
- Take up less space and are quieter.
- Easier to install on small plots.
Cons:
- Lower efficiency compared to horizontal turbines (30-40% efficiency).
- Less common on the market, which can make purchasing and servicing more difficult.
Which One to Choose?
The choice between a vertical and horizontal wind turbine depends on the conditions of your plot. If you have an open space with consistent winds above 5 m/s, a horizontal turbine will be more efficient. On the other hand, if the wind is more variable or weaker, and you need something more compact, a vertical turbine is a better choice.
It’s also a good idea to invest in a battery storage system so you can use the power even when the wind isn’t blowing.
A Few Useful Links to Scientific Studies
Here are some resources that can help you learn more and make an informed decision: